谢谢,已转发到OLPC的邮件组。<div class="gmail_extra"><br><br><div class="gmail_quote">On Sat, Nov 10, 2012 at 10:33 AM, YANG LINCHANG <span dir="ltr"><<a href="mailto:linchang.yang@gmail.com" target="_blank">linchang.yang@gmail.com</a>></span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">各位好,看到一篇不错的文章,分享给大家<br><h2>Ethiopian kids hack OLPCs in 5 months with zero instruction</h2><p><a href="http://dvice.com/archives/2012/10/ethiopian-kids.php" target="_blank">http://dvice.com/archives/2012/10/ethiopian-kids.php</a></p>
<p>What happens if you give a thousand Motorola Zoom <a href="http://dvice.com/archives/2012/01/one-laptop-per.php" target="_blank">tablet PCs</a>
to Ethiopian kids who have never even seen a printed word? Within five
months, they'll start teaching themselves English while circumventing
the security on your OS to customize settings and activate disabled
hardware. Whoa.</p>
<a name="13ae82af804bfc1d_more"></a>
<p>The One Laptop Per Child project started as a way of delivering
technology and resources to schools in countries with little or no
education infrastructure, using inexpensive computers to improve
traditional curricula. What the OLPC Project has realized over the last
five or six years, though, is that teaching kids <em>stuff</em> is
really not that valuable. Yes, knowing all your state capitols how to
spell "neighborhood" properly and whatnot isn't a bad thing, but
memorizing facts and procedures isn't going to inspire kids to go out
and learn by teaching themselves, which is the key to a good education.
Instead, OLPC is trying to figure out a way to teach kids to <em>learn</em>, which is what this experiment is all about.</p>
<p>Rather than give out laptops (they're actually Motorola Zoom tablets
plus solar chargers running custom software) to kids in schools with
teachers, the OLPC Project decided to try something completely
different: it delivered some boxes of tablets to two villages in
Ethiopia, taped shut, with no instructions whatsoever. Just like, "hey
kids, here's this box, you can open it if you want, see ya!"</p>
<p>Just to give you a sense of what these villages in Ethiopia are like, the kids (and most of the adults) there <strong>have never seen a word</strong>.
No books, no newspapers, no street signs, no labels on packaged foods
or goods. Nothing. And these villages aren't unique in that respect;
there are many of them in Africa where the literacy rate is close to
zero. So you might think that if you're going to give out fancy tablet
computers, it would be helpful to have someone along to show these
people how to use them, right?</p>
<p>But that's not what OLPC did. They just left the boxes there, sealed
up, containing one tablet for every kid in each of the villages (nearly a
thousand tablets in total), pre-loaded with a custom English-language
operating system and SD cards with tracking software on them to record
how the tablets were used. Here's how it went down, as related by OLPC
founder Nicholas Negroponte at MIT Technology Review's EmTech conference
last week:</p>
<p><em></em></p><blockquote><em>"We left the boxes in the village.
Closed. Taped shut. No instruction, no human being. I thought, the kids
will play with the boxes! Within four minutes, one kid not only opened
the box, but found the on/off switch. He'd never <em>seen</em> an on/off
switch. He powered it up. Within five days, they were using 47 apps per
child per day. Within two weeks, they were singing ABC songs [in
English] in the village. And within five months, they had hacked
Android. Some idiot in our organization or in the Media Lab had disabled
the camera! And they figured out it had a camera, and they hacked
Android."</em></blockquote>
<p>This experiment began earlier this year, and what OLPC really want to
see is whether these kids can learn to read and write in English.
Around the world, there are something like 100,000,000 kids who don't
even make it to first grade, simply because there are not only no
schools, but very few literate adults, and if it turns out that for the
cost of a tablet all of these kids can simply teach themselves, it has
huge implications for education. And it goes beyond the kids, too, since
previous OLPC studies have shown that kids will use their computers to
teach their <em>parents</em> to read and write as well, which is incredibly amazing and awesome.</p>
<p>If this all reminds you of a certain science fiction book by a
certain well-known author, it's not a coincidence: Nell's Primer in Neal
Stephenson's <em>The Diamond Age</em> was a direct inspiration for much
of the OLPC teaching software, which itself is named Nell. Here's an
example of how Nell uses an evolving, personalized narrative to help
kids learn to learn without beating them over the head with standardized
lessons and traditional teaching methods:</p>
<p><em></em></p><blockquote><em>Miles from the nearest school, a young
Ethiopian girl named Rahel turns on her new tablet computer. The solar
powered machine speaks to her: "Hello! Would you like to hear a story?"
<p>She nods and listens to a story about a princess. Later, when the
girl has learned a little more, she will tell the machine that the
princess is named "Rahel" like she is and that she likes to wear
blue--but for now the green book draws pictures of the unnamed Princess
for her and asks her to trace shapes on the screen. "R is for Run. Can
you trace the R?" As she traces the R, it comes to life and gallops
across the screen. "Run starts with R. Roger the R runs across the Red
Rug. Roger has a dog named Rover." Rover barks: "Ruff! Ruff!" The Princess
asks, "Can you find something Red?" and Rahel uses the camera to
photograph a berry on a nearby bush. "Good work! I see a little red
here. Can you find something big and red?"</p>
<p>As Rahel grows, the book asks her to trace not just letters, but
whole words. The book's responses are written on the screen as it speaks
them, and eventually she doesn't need to leave the sound on all the
time. Soon Rahel can write complete sentences in her special book, and
sometimes the Princess will respond to them. New stories teach her about
music (she unlocks a dungeon door by playing certain tunes) and
programming with blocks (Princess Rahel helps a not very-bright turtle
to draw different shapes).</p>
<p>Rahel writes her own stories about the Princess, which she shares
with her friends. The book tells her that she is very good at music, and
her lessons begin to encourage her to invent silly songs about what
she's learning. An older Rahel learns that the block language she used
to talk with the turtle is also used to write all the software running
inside her special book. Rahel uses the blocks to write a new sort of
rhythm game. Her younger brother has just received his own green book,
and Rahel writes him a story which uses her rhythm game to help him
learn to count.</p></em></blockquote>
<p>Read more about Nell in <a href="http://cscott.net/Publications/OLPC/idc2012.pdf" target="_blank">this paper</a>, and if you haven't read <em>The Diamond Age</em>, do so at once.</p>
<p>Via <a href="http://www.technologyreview.com/news/506466/given-tablets-but-no-teachers-ethiopian-children-teach-themselves/" target="_blank">MIT</a></p><span class="HOEnZb"><font color="#888888">
<p></p>
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